Refractory lining for conical portion of a furnace and brick therefor



0d. 31, 1967 'E' OVER 3,350,085

R REFRACTORY LINING FOR CONICAL PORTION 0F' Filed Oct. 28 1965 v AFURNACE AND BRICK THEREFOR 6 Sheet'S She.et l

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REFRACTORY LININE FOR CONICAL PORTION A F R N R K THEREFOR Filed4 Oct.28, 1963 U NACE A D B IC '.5 Sheets-Sheet 2 -Cf -l R. E. OVER 3,350,085REFRACTORY LINING FOR CONICAL PORTION 0F Oct. 31, i967 A FURNACE ANDBRICK THEHEFOR 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed OCT.. 28, 1965 NW l.

Ho rneys.

3,350,085 REFRACTORY LINING FOR CONICAL PORTION OF A FURNACE AND BRICKTHEREFOR Raymond E. Over, Mokena, Ill., assgnor to M. H. Detrck Company,Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Delaware Filed Oct. 28, 1963, Ser. No.319,252 2 Claims. (Cl. 266-43) This invention relates to a refractorylining for the conical portion of a high temperature furnace, such as abasic oxygen furnace, and to the brick used in such lining.

The upper portion of a basic oxygen furnace is conical in shape and openat the upper end. The furnace is charged through the open end, and,after a predetermined heat period, tilted, causing the molten metal toflow out through the open end.

The refractory lining of the conical portion is subjected to extremethermal an-d mechanical conditions. It therefore is important that thislining be capable of withstanding severe conditions of high temperature,thermal change and mechanical shock and abrasion.

One object of the invention is to provide an improved refractory liningfor the conical portion of a high temperature furnace, the lining madeup of superimposed annular layers or rows of refractory brick.

Another object is to provide a lining for the conical portion of afurnace wherein the lining is constructed with bricks of no more thanfour different shapes. When four shapes are used, the bricks comprisetwo series of two bricks each, the bricks in one series having a malecharacteristic and the bricks in the other series having a femalecharacteristic. The two bricks in each series differ from each other inamount of taper on the edges of the top and bottom faces, referring tothe installed position, whereby bricks of the two taper characteristicsmay be used alone and in appropriate combination to produce annularlayer or rows of brick having all the diameters required by the conicalportion of the furnace.

Another object is to provide a lining for the conical portion of afurnace wherein each component brick, apart from those at the upper andlower ends, is interlocked with at least two other component bricks.This feature, of course, lends stability to the entire lining, andprovides desirable intimacy between the respective bricks.

Another object is to provide a lining for the conical portion of afurnace made up of superimposed annular layers of refractory brickwherein the longitudinal axis of each brick is perpendicular to theplane tangent to the conical portion at the intersection of the axiswith the conical portion.

Still another object is to provide a lining for the conical portion of afurnace wherein means are provided whereby some of the brick is anchoredpositively to the conical portion of the furnace both during and afterinstallation. Thus, the use of internal forms during instal- 4lation ofthe lining is avoided, and some of the brick weight of the finishedlining is carried by the conical portion of the furnace.

Another object is to provide a lining for the conical portion of afurnace wherein the inner surface of the lining is substantially conicalin shape, thus avoiding a corbelled inner surface. The latter appears tohave inferior resistance to the extreme thermal and mechanicalconditions encountered in furnaces of this type.

i United States Patent Patented Oct. 31, 1967 ICC different specificshapes, these shapes being all that are required to construct a conicallining in the range of sizes commonly employed.

Other objects, advantages and details of the invention will be apparentas the description proceeds, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings wherein one form of the invention is shown. It is to beunderstood that the description and drawings are illustrative only andthat the scope of the invention is to be measured by the ap- Anotherobject is to provide a lining ofthe character described that iscomparatively inexpensive and easy 'to install, compared with prior artconical linings.

Still another object is to provide a refractory brick for use in thelining of a conical portion of a furnace. In

one form, the brick of -the invention contemplates fourV pended claims.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional View through a portion ofa furnace, including the conical portion, the view showing a refractorylining embodying the invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view on line 2 2 of FIG. l.

FIG. 3 in the center is an enlarged side elevational view of a brickused in the lining, the inclination of the brick corresponding to thebrick inclination of FIG. l. Quadral ture projections of the centralbrick also from part of FIG. 3, the illustrated brick beingrepresentative of one of the two brick series of the invention, namelythe male series.

FIG. 4 in the center is an enlarged side elevational View of a brickused in the lining, the inclination of the brick corresponding to thebrick inclination of FIG. 1. Quadrature projections of the central brickalso from part of FIG. 4, the illustrated brick being representative ofthe other of the two brick series of the invention, namely the femaleseries.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of an anchor means used in theinvention.

Referring rst to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings, a fragmentary part ofthe conical furnace portion with the refractory lining of the inventionis designated 10. The conical portion comprises a lower conical part 11and an upper cap part 12, both of suitable metal. As illustrated, thetwo parts have flanges 13 and 14 that cooperate to hold the two partstogether. Part 12 also has an inwardly extending flange 15 that definesthe upper open end of the furnace.

Other parts of the furnace illustrated in FIG. 1 include Vlowercylindrical casing 20, layers of insulation 21 and 22, insulation 23 andlower refractory lining 24 made up of horizontally disposed brick 25.These parts are not involved in the invention, as will be seen.

The invention, as mentioned, concerns itself with refractory lining 30for conical portion 10 of the furnace. Lining 30 comprises superimposedannular rows or layers 31 of refractory brick 32.

The longitudinal axis of each brick 32 is perpendicular to the planetangent to conical portion 10 at the intersection point of the axis withthe conical portion. Thus, the inner surface of lining 30 has the sameconical shape as conical portion 10. This smooth surface is animprovement over the corbelled or stepped inner surface found in manyprior art linings.

Brick 32 used in illustrated lining 30` fall in two series, one serieshaving a male characteristic and the other a female characteristic. Inaddition, each brick series includes two members, the members in eachseries differing slightly from each other in shape. Thus, in the form ofthe invention shown, the entire lining is constructed with brick of onlyfour different shapes.

In another and related form of the invention, as will `be seen, theentire lining may be constructed with brick of only two differentshapes.

Referring to FIG. 3, the central drawing is a side elevational view of abrick designated 32AC, the brick having the shape of the brick fallingin one of the two series (the AC or male series).

Upper face 35 of brick 32AC, referring to the installed position, hasalternate ribs 36 and recesses 37 which, as will be seen, interlock withthe ribs and recesses of adjacent brick. Lower face 4f) of brick 32AClikewise has alternate ribs 41 and recesses 42.

Brick 32AC has an inner face 43, referring to the installed position,that is one element of the inner surface of the lining and an outer face44 that lies adjacent conical portion 10 of the furnace. Faces 43 and 44are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the top and bottom faces35 and 40.

Brick 32AC also has side faces 46 and 47, the two surfaces being planar,but tapering in small degree inwardly toward each other from outer face44 and upwardly toward each other from bottom face 40.

The inner end portions of top and `bottom faces 35 and 40 of brick 32ACterminate in ribs 36 and 41, thus giving this brick series thepreviously mentioned male characteristic. Conversely, the outer endportions of top and bottom faces 35 and 40 terminate in recesses 37 and42.

Referring to FIG. 4, the central illustration is a side elevational viewof a brick designated 32BD, this brick representing the shape of thebrick falling in the other of the two series.

As in the case of brick 32AC, brick 32BD has an upper face 50, referringto the installed position, having alternate ribs 51 and recesses 52, anda lower face 55 having alternate ribs 56 and recesses 57. Brick 32BDalso has an inner face 58 and an outer face 59, the latter two facesbeing parallel to each other and perpendicular to the top and bottomfaces 50 and 55.

Brick 32BD also has side faces 60` and 61, the two surfaces being planarand tapering in small degree inwardly toward each other from outer endface 59 and upwardly toward each other from lbottom face 5S.

The inner end portions of top and bottom faces 50 and S5 of brick 32BDterminate in recesses 52 and 57, thus giving this brick series thepreviously mentioned female charactertistic. Conversely, the outer endportions of top and bottom faces 50 and 55 terminate in ribs 51 and 56.

Each annular row or layer 31 of refractory brick 32 is made upexclusively of brick of one or the other of the aforesaid two series,i.e. either the male series or the female series. As shown in FIG. 1,the annular layers of female brick alternate with annular layers ofmalebrick, thereby providing an interlocking relationship that gives asubstantially unbroken conical shape to the inner surface of the lining.

In preferred form, the invention contemplates that some of the liningbrick is anchored positively to conical portion of the furnace. Sinceeach lining brick has interlocking relationship with at least two otherbricks, and some of the bricks are fastened to the wall, it will be seenthat the entire lining is attached securely to conical portion 10 andthat at least some of the brick weight is carried by the conicalportion.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 5, vertically and circumferentially spacedmeans 65 serve to anchor certain of the lining brick to conical portion10. In the illustrated form of the invention, means 65 comprise shortlengths of channel, 'bolted or otherwise secured to conical portion 10.The channel legs 66 have outwardly extending flanges 67 that arereceived within recesses 52 and 57 of female brick 32BD, the flangesengaging ribs 51 and 56 to retain the bricks in place.

As shown in FIG. 1, anchor channels 65 are spaced vertically so thatsome brick in each alternate row or layer of female brick 32BD engage achannel flange 67. Male brick 32AC adjacent anchor channels 65 arereduced in length by breaking away the outer ends, and the space therebyleft may be filled with castable insulating material 68.

The channels for each annular layer are spaced circumferentially, thecircumferential spacing in FIG. 2 being the width of six brick, althoughthis spacing may vary with the circumference of the layer.

The length of each anchor channel shown in FIG. 2 is such as to engagethree brick. Thus, in the annular layer shown, alternate groups of threebrick are anchored, and intermediate groups of three brick are notanchored by a channel, but all individual brick are interlocked withadjacent brick.

This anchoring arrangement facilitates erection of the conical lining byeliminating the need for interior forms to hold the partially installedannular layers in place pending completion of the layer.

Referring both to male brick 32AC and female brick 32BD, the top face atthe outer end of each brick is narrower in width than the bottom face atthe outer end. This width difference reflects the dimensionalcharacteristics of a cone. These top and bottom faces tapersubstantially uniformly in width toward the inner brick end, therebygiving the brick a modified pie shape. Thus, when the Ibricks areassembled in a conical lining, the planar side faces of each brick areparallel to the adjacent side faces of laterally adjacent brick.

To accommodate the variation in diameter between the annular bricklayers at the bottom of conical portion 10 and those at the top, eachseries of brick, male and female, comprises two shapes. The differencein these two shapes is amount of taper. Bricks 32A and 32B used in thelargest diameter layers at the lower end of conical portion 10 havecomparatively slight taper, while bricks 32C and 32D used at the upperend of the conical portion have a more pronounced taper.

Referring to male brick 32AC in FIG. 3, the dimensions C1, C2 and C3 ofbrick 32C are slightly larger than the corresponding dimensions A1, A2and A3 of brick 32A. Thus, since the inner faces of the bricks have thesame width, the taper in brick 32C is greater than that -in brick 32A,such increased taper being appropriate for the brick used in the smallerdiameter layers.

Similarly, referring to female brick 32BD in FIG. 4, the dimensions D1,D2 and D3 of brick 32D are slightly larger than the correspondingdimensions B1, B2 and B3 of brick 32B, so the brick 32D used in thesmaller diameter layer has the greater taper.

Referring to FIG. 1, the lower and maximum diameter layers designated Aand B will consist exclusively of bricks 32A and 32B, the bricks in eachseries having the gentler taper. At the other extreme, the minimumdiameter layers designated C and D will be made up exclusively of bricks32C and 32D, the bricks in each series having the greater taper. Eachintermediate layer comprises a combination of bricks of the two tapers.In the case of a male layer, the bricks are the proper combination ofbricks 32A and 32C, and in case of a female layer, the propercombination of bricks 32B and 32D. Thus, the geometric requirements ofany diameter layer may be satisfied.

The previously mentioned modified form of lining and brick thereforcontemplates only two brick shapes, the shapes, differing from eachother in amount of taper, as is the case with the two brick in each ofthe series described above. In the modified brick, the upper face hasribs and grooves of male or female characteristic, and the lower facehas ribs and grooves of opposite characteristic. The anchor channelsused with such brick are provided with legs of unequal length to engagethe misaligned ribs on the top and bottom surfaces of the bricks.

From the above description it is thought that the construction andadvantages of this invention will be readily apparent to those skilledin the art. Various changes in detail may be made without departing fromthe spirit or losing the advantages of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and desiredto secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A refractory lining of uniform thickness for the conical portion of afurnace comprising:

superimposed annular layers of refractory brick, the longitudinal axisof each brick perpendicular to the plane tangent to the conical portionat the intersection point of the axis with said conical portion;

the top and bottom faces of each brick, referring to the installedposition of the brick in a conical portion of substantially verticalaxis, having alternate ribs and -recesses interlocking with the ribs andrecesses of adjacent bricks above and below, the side faces of eachbrick substantially planar;

the top face at the outer end of each brick narrower in width than thebottom face at the outer end, the top and bottom faces taperingsubstantially uniformly in width toward the inner brick end, whereby thesubstantially planar side faces of each brick are parallel to theadjacent side faces of laterally adjacent brick;

the top and bottom faces of all brick in one annular layer having ribsat the inner end portions thereof and the top and bottom faces of allbrick in the adjacent annular layers having recesses at the inner endportions thereof, whereby the inner brick ends dene a substantiallyconical surface;

the top and bottom faces of some of said brick respectively tapering inWidth to a greater extent than the taper of the top and bottom faces ofthe remaining brick, whereby brick shapes employing said two tapers maybe used alone and in combination to produce annular layers of brickhaving all required diameters.

2. The combination 0f claim 1 with the addition of means on said conicalfurnace portion interlocking with the outer end portions of some of saidrefractory brick, whereby the lining is anchored positively to saidconical portion during and after installation and at least some of thebrick weight is carried by said conical portion.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 891,991 6/1908 Harmansen 263-46 X1,224,757 5/1917 Lind 52-89 X 2,082,698 6/1937 Karmanocky 263-46 X2,206,205 7/ 1940 Selby 52-575 2,304,170 12/1942 Heuer 52-89 X 2,319,0655/1943 Karmanocky 52-89 2,762,217 9/1956 Barr 52-593 X 2,930,601 3/1960Heuer 263-46 2,854,842 10/1958 Hosbein 263-46 X 3,088,722 5/1963Slesaczek 263-46 3,132,447 5/1964 Hosbein 110-99 X 3,183,625 5/1965Agnew 52-575 X 3,274,742 9/1966 Paul 52-89 X JOHN F. CAMPBELL, PrimaryExaminer. R. F. DROPKIN, Assistant Examiner.

1. A REFRACTORY LINING OF UNIFORM THICKNESS FOR THE CONICAL PORTION OF AFURNACE COMPRISING: SUPERIMPOSED ANNULAR LAYERS OF REFRACTORY BRICK, THELONGITUDINAL AXIS OF EACH BRICK PERPENDICULAR TO THE PLANE TANGENT TOTHE CONICAL PORTION AT THE INERSECTION POINT OF THE AXIS WITH SAIDCONICAL PORTION; THE TOP AND BOTTOM FACES OF EACH BRICK, REFERRING TOTHE INSTALLED POSITION OF THE BRICK IN A CONICAL PORTION OFSUBSTANTIALLY VERTICAL AXIS, HAVING ALTERNATE RIBS AND RECESSESINTERLOCKING WITH THE RIBS AND RECESSES OF ADJACENT BRICKS ABOVE THEBELOW, THE SIDE FACES OF EACH BRICK SUBSTANTIALLY PLANAR; THE TOP FACEAT THE OUTER END OF EACH BRICK NARROWER IN WIDTH THAN THE BOTTOM FACE ATTHE OUTER END, THE TOP AND BOTTOM FACES TAPERING SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORMLYIN WIDTH TOWARD THE INNER BRICK END, WHEREBY THE SUBSTANTIALLY PLANARSIDE FACES OF EACH BRICK ARE PARALLEL TO THE ADJACENT SIDE FACES OFLATERALLY ADJACENT BRICK;